Fox) to live with him. Before the English doctor James Parkinson described its symptoms in 1817, people called it the "shaking palsy". Or did they perhaps pass the disease to each other? It appeared to be genetic bad luck on a grand scale. But in the beginning it can be difficult to diagnose. "If Michael J Fox's wife developed Parkinson's disease, I would pay more attention to the cluster theory.". It may, it has now emerged, have been more than that. "You can find studies that people who spend time with each other are more susceptible to Parkinson's disease and you can find the reverse," Dr Abe Lieberman, medical director for the National Parkinson Foundation in Miami, told the Sun-Times. "That is the 64 million dollar question," Langston says, "and it is why clusters of the disease are so interesting: they could point to an environmental cause - some common exposure." This rate was 30% higher than the general population. It starred a 15-year-old Michael J. Consequently, says Langston, "most people would currently say that the environment plays a greater role in Parkinson's than genetics". It is, says Dr JW Langston, scientific director and chief executive of the Parkinson's Institute in California, "a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by stiffness of muscles, slowing down of movement and a tremor". Dr Donald Calne, of the University of British Columbia Hospital, is treating two of the cast of Leo and Me. His "young-onset" Parkinson's, which affects those under the age of 40, accounts for only 3-4% of cases. "These cells - the pigmented neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain - produce dopamine, a chemical messenger responsible for transmitting signals within the brain," Langston explains. Eventually, you find walking, talking, or doing other simple tasks extremely difficult. In 2002, an investigation was launched into Leo and Me after an unusual cluster of Parkinson's disease cases was noted among former cast and crew members of the show. The rate of Parkinson's in both types of twin was virtually the same. Leo (Brent Carver) was a carefree, hard-living Italian adventurer who had won a large, decrepit yacht in a poker game, and had taken his orphaned nephew Jamie (Michael J. But it's intriguing, it might be something they were exposed to."[2]. "We were going to be called the 'Cluster Busters'. But then again, other investigations, going back over five generations of a family with an astonishingly high rate of Parkinson's led scientists to identify two genes that cause a particular kind of the disease. Other investigations into the disease in mining communities have shown certain metals to be guilty parties - aluminium and manganese are the main villains. Or is it all down to fate? Others maintain that most cases of Parkinson's are caused by the world around us: exposure, perhaps, to some kind of viral infection, or to environmental pollutants. And it is even more difficult to establish, from that, what could have caused the outbreak. Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. "You might trace all the people in a cluster to one apartment block," Langston explains, "then discover that it was torn down in 1982 and made into a mall." Can you "catch" Parkinson's? Leo's charm and good luck guided him through tricky but humorous situations and his young sidekick's adept mind helped the pair get out of trouble. The Leo and Me news merely highlights how little we know about a disease that hits about 1% of people over the age of 50. Calne said, "It could be coincidence. However: "When it comes to most cases of typical older-onset Parkinson's, genetics don't look likely as an explanation.". It is, for instance, extremely difficult (and expensive) to differentiate between a cluster and a coincidence. But if we know who's pulling the trigger we might, eventually, be able to dodge the bullets. "If there is not enough dopamine, critical nerve cells in the brain, or neurons, start to fire out of control.". "[4] Donald Calne, a Vancouver neurologist, said the incidence of Parkinson's in society is about 1 in 300, but that four of the 125 people on the Vancouver set of Leo and Me developed the disease. Fox, in his television acting debut, playing Jamie, the 12-year-old younger nephew of Leo (Brent Carver). Fox part of B.C. So what about Fox and the suspected Leo and Me cluster? The disease is certainly not new. How could he have a disease normally associated with the elderly? This is because certain cells in your brain are simply fading away. Fox and director Don Williams were among the four with the disease, along with a writer and a cameraman. Investigations into incidences of Parkinson's in agricultural communities, for instance, have repeatedly linked high exposure to certain pesticides, herbicides and fertilisers with the disease (one Canadian study of farming communities showed that those who drank well water were dramatically more likely to develop the disease. It starred a 15-year-old Michael J. In one case, at the University of Pittsburgh, four people who worked in the same department were diagnosed with the disease between 1974 and 1991. "The average time from the first symptom appearing to diagnosis is two years," says Langston. There is, Langston says, "strong evidence that this kind of Parkinson's is highly genetic". The Michael J Fox Foundation, which supports research into Parkinson's, estimates that while "at least one million people in the United States have Parkinson's, many of them, perhaps half, are thought to be undiagnosed". He told the Chicago Sun-Times that studies have found there to be an increased risk of clusters among certain workers who operate closely together - principally teachers, medical workers, loggers and miners. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Even if the building still exists, toxins once present may have dissipated. The problem is that clusters are "incredibly difficult to investigate - you would have to do daunting research to get an answer". To most of us this didn't seem possible. Dr Paul Maestrone, director of scientific and medical affairs at the American Parkinson's Disease Association, emphasises that "no definitive data exists" to fully explain the causes of Parkinson's. Fox's first big TV break came with the 1970s Canadian TV sitcom Leo and Me. So right now, as Langston puts it, "there is no smoking gun." For more than a century scientists have been arguing about what causes this debilitating, degenerative brain disease. "We once put together a proposal to set up a team which would investigate all suspected clusters of Parkinson's across the US," Langston says. One thing, though, is beyond debate: Fox was startlingly unlucky to develop it in his 30s. The water table, they concluded, had been contaminated by pesticides and herbicides). In 1998, Michael J Fox, the elfin star of the US sitcom, Spin City, lost his Peter Pan image in one startling announcement: he had, he told us, been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease . Parkinson's 'cluster', https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leo_and_Me&oldid=1109243829, This page was last edited on 8 September 2022, at 19:16. Michael J Fox was startlingly unlucky to develop 'the shaking palsy' at such a young age. Doctors understand more about young-onset than they do older-onset Parkinson's. Leo and Me was produced by Don Eccleston, directed by Don S. Williams and written by Marc and Susan Strange. There are, however, some environmental culprits that show up in study after study, says Maestrone. Some believe that the condition is a result of still-to-be-discovered genetic factors. And the Michael J Fox Foundation is equally cautious, saying on its website that "most scientists believe a combination of genetic and environmental factors" are to blame. But what, exactly, in our environment could be causing it? But we didn't find funding.". The cause, of course, is not the cure. Leo and Jamie lived on the yacht moored in the harbour. Now three people who worked with him on a sitcom during the 70s have revealed they also have the disease. Remaining evidence may be scarce, or patchy. Fox stated, "Believe it or not, from a scientific point of view, that's not significant. The outlook, however, is not entirely bleak: Langston believes that there is certainly "a good chance of finding a cause of Parkinson's in the next 10 years". The department of neurology convened a "cluster committee" of experts to investigate but they could find no evidence of an environmental cause. Leo and Me is a Canadian television sitcom that was produced in 1977 and aired in 1978.. Fox, in his television acting debut, playing Jamie, the 12-year-old younger nephew of Leo (Brent Carver).. Leo and Me was produced by Don Eccleston, directed by Don S. Williams and written by Marc and Susan Strange. In 1999 Langston's team published a study in the Journal of the American Medical Association in which they compared instances of the condition in twins with exactly the same genetic make-up and fraternal twins. In 1998, Michael J Fox, the elfin star of the US sitcom, Spin City, lost his Peter Pan image in one startling announcement: he had, he told us, been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease seven years previously. They could, the theory goes, be exposed to more viruses than most people, and this might cause them to develop the disease. One theory, that has been around for years, is that Parkinson's could be caused - or perhaps triggered - by a viral infection, maybe even influenza. This difficulty could explain why other suspected Parkinson's clusters have remained enigmatic. This article relating to a comedy television series in Canada is a stub. Lucy Atkins. The slowness (known as brady- kinesia) and shaking that we all recognise as a sign of Parkinson's worsen as the condition progresses (usually over a few years). Scientists are arguing over whether this could be classed as a "cluster" of Parkinson's cases - and if so, what could have caused it? Did they all breathe in some environmental toxin in the studio? Is there a link? Leo and Me is a Canadian television sitcom that was produced in 1977 and aired in 1978. [1][2][3], When asked about the cluster by Howard Stern in a September 25, 2013, interview on The Howard Stern Show, Michael J. Last edited on 8 September 2022, at 19:16, "Michael J. 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