/Contents 306 0 R /Font << 0000003223 00000 n endobj /TT0 120 0 R Several interviewees described a situation in which the government is attempting to oversee thousands of academies, through a muddle of local authorities, school chains, regional commissioners and the Education Funding Agency, as the wild west. /TT2 121 0 R << >> /GS0 125 0 R Theoretical shortcomings of the thesis are identified, and a reformulated version is suggested which incorporates resistances into the analysis of the education system. It shows how an informed educational philosophy helps us respond to . /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page >> /Font << /Font << /Rotate 0 >> /TT1 121 0 R /StructParents 22 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /Type /Page Created by: jocastle; Created on: 06-05-16 12:51; Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT1 226 0 R /Parent 13 0 R /Type /Page endobj >> Increased economic output: Greater trade increased economic output. /Font << /Names 4 0 R 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 226 0 R /Properties << /StructParents 23 /Contents 219 0 R /Resources << 109 0 obj The 'funding formula' means school funding is determined by pupil numbers and nothing relating to class; . >> >> >> << /GS0 125 0 R >> >> /Font << [29th July 1988] BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:- . >> /F4 123 0 R /Font << 79 0 obj endobj (NB another aim of the New Right in education was to ensure that education equipped children with the skills for work, thus contributing to economic growth). /Resources << << Registered in England & Wales No. /StructParents 85 << History. >> /Font << /Font << /Resources << 77 0 obj >> >> >> >> /ExtGState << 44 0 obj /TT2 121 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page /ExtGState << /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 282 0 R /Rotate 0 /Font << 26 0 obj /TT2 226 0 R << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> /Contents 273 0 R /Contents 290 0 R However, the disadvantages would also have to be taken into consideration as it is still unfair for the working class families, there are many aspect which contribute to this . /StructParents 70 << /TT0 120 0 R /Font << /Font << 806 8067 22 /Font << << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Students will usually move on to study New Labors Education policies after this one. 39 0 obj >> Specifically, it highlights the complexity of the development and 'implementation' of the National Curriculum for Physical Education (NCPE) and addresses the issues of . % /TT2 121 0 R /TT0 120 0 R Hi Karl, thanks for this really useful. >> /Type /Page >> Alternative types of schooling in the UK Faith schools Independent Special schools Home schooling Task: Give a definition for each types of school and give at least three advantages and disadvantages. /StructParents 78 /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R /Rotate 0 << >> << 9 0 obj >> It would be premature to make judgements about the advantages and disadvantages of introducing neoliberal practices into education without giving serious consideration to the perceived benefits of this approach. 6 0 obj 20 0 obj Parentocracy refers to giving parents the choice over which schools to send their children too. 2 0 obj Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 16 0 R /TT3 226 0 R << /Properties << >> They will maintain the schools position in the league tables and its status in the education market. /ExtGState << endobj /ExtGState << << 111 0 obj >> You cant close down failing schools until they have completely collapsed their roll. Both brought with them changes that are . >> /Properties << The benefits of inclusion are many. >> >> >> /Metadata 6 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Parent 15 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 121 0 R endobj Thirty years ago, a single piece of legislation transformed the schools landscape, launching a national curriculum and key-stage testing, and devolving power from local authorities to heads. /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 16 0 R endstream This post has primarily been written forstudents of A-level sociology who are studying the education module in their first year. /TT1 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Contents 268 0 R /ExtGState << >> >> /ExtGState << 72 0 obj /Type /Pages However, in recent years, some schools have discontinued their multiage programs due to the grade-level standards and testing requirements imposed by the No Child Left Behind Act and most states' accountability laws. >> >> /Parent 13 0 R /Resources << >> /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 6.0 for Word) endobj Intake and its social class still influences how some parents make their choices and these subtle forces influence selection.. /Font << /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 /StructParents 5 /Parent 10 0 R /Count 10 << >> /TT2 226 0 R >> /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Parent 17 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The result of this was that some schools became oversubscribed, and these were allowed to select pupils according to certain criteria. /Rotate 0 By Cyril John Barlongo. >> /MC0 129 0 R ERIC is an online library of education research and information, sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education. 84 0 obj 78 0 obj /Rotate 0 Several studies have shown that the improvements in the quality of education will increase GDP growth . 88 0 obj /ModDate (D:20040618121405+03'00') >> /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R Source: DAR Studies find that benefits such as improved . endobj 16 0 obj /Contents 265 0 R /TT2 226 0 R /Properties << The idea behind league tables was to allow parents to easily assess which schools in their local areas are the best. The act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system. endobj /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 /Parent 10 0 R /Parent 3 0 R endobj /Rotate 0 >> 0000001632 00000 n /Font << This thesis reports on research that explored the impact of the Education Reform Act (ERA) (1988) on the provision of Physical Education (PE) and sport in state schools within one Local Education Authority (LEA) in England. /Font << /TT3 159 0 R << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 233 0 R Schools that provide parents and pupils with what they want such as good exam results will thrive. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Contents 250 0 R /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> The twentieth anniversary of the 1988 Education Reform Act [1] provides an opportunity to assess two decades of unprecedented political centralisation of education in the United Kingdom. /Parent 11 0 R >> /Next 19 0 R endobj /MC0 129 0 R However, an important point to keep in mind is that correlation doesnt necessarily mean causation GCSE results may have improved over the last 30 years WITHOUT marketisation policies. /Contents 228 0 R endobj /ExtGState << >> >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 234 0 R Students might also be interested in this summary of all education policies (up to 2010). /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /Font << >> >> >> /Parent 16 0 R >> /Contents 246 0 R << /TT1 121 0 R endobj >> The article highlights a number of inherent contradictions in the Strategy and argues that the central proposals of choice and diversity are unlikely to reduce the gap between disadvantage and . /StructParents 79 This will take effect in 2009. /Font << /Parent 3 0 R /Contents 249 0 R >> 0000001418 00000 n /Limits [ ] /StructParents 13 90 0 obj <>stream << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page >> /TT1 121 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /TT2 226 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page /StructParents 89 >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << /Rotate 0 /TT3 159 0 R /Parent 3 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /MC0 129 0 R 28. >> /Font << /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R >> /TT3 121 0 R Focusing on exam results and league table position causes stress for pupils as more pressure is put on them to perform well in SATS. /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R /StructParents 41 >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << /Font << 114 0 obj << 36 0 obj /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1944 Education Act (Butler Act), Comprehensive schooling 1965, Advantages and Disadvantages of comprehensive schools and more. The advantages and disadvantages of education although seemingly quite clear can be explored to quite a detailed level. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 For instance, public policy decisions can be made by looking at decreasing state-administered tests in public schools if deficiencies in a particular subject are patent. /TT2 226 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 >> /Resources << /ExtGState << /Resources << >> /StructParents 81 /ExtGState << /Parent 11 0 R /TT0 120 0 R Inequality of Education Opportunity increases the best schools get better and the worst get worse. /Resources << /Font << Just a note: pretty sure Ofsted was formed under the Education (Schools) Act in 1992 so technically not included in the ERA in 1988. so helpful for my sociology revision! /GS0 125 0 R /C2_0 232 0 R >> Last September the Wakefield City academies trust gave up all its schools. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /MC0 129 0 R /Count 10 0000003291 00000 n 0000052072 00000 n Gage, N.L. The 1988 Conservative Education Reform Act established the National Curriculum, the main advantage as cited in Haralambos & Holborn, (2000), was that it set a consistent standard across the country, in an attempt to promote equality. 0000006904 00000 n Open Enrolment is where parents are allowed to select multiple schools to send their children too, but only specifying one as their first choice. /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R 1965-1980: Promoting Equity in Access to Educational Opportunities 1981-1988: The Push for Educational Excellence 1989-1992: The Rise of Standards-Based Reform /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 0000003916 00000 n >> /Contents 281 0 R /Parent 9 0 R >> How do I view content? >> /Parent 17 0 R /Type /Page << Back in 1988 these League Tables were only available as government publications and in schools prospectuses, but obviously today these have evolved so that they are now searchable for any school online!League Tables today, accessible online! /TT1 121 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /StructParents 25 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Three types of schools were established by 1944 Education Act - grammar schools; technical schools and secondary modern schools. /StructParents 43 >> /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /Contents 288 0 R /Type /Pages 1988 CHAPTER 40. /Parent 11 0 R It has significantly influenced the policies of the UK Conservative Party and is a set of political beliefs about how the country should be run. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The act was introduced by the New Right and this post starts off by exploring their ideas about education and then covers the specific details of the act itself, before evaluating the impact of 1988 Education Act. endobj The law has three basic objectives: Make more individuals eligible for affordable health insurance. /Font << << /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 255 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Resources << >> /Parent 2 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 0000002642 00000 n /Parent 16 0 R >> By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << >> Which type of school you ended up attending was decided by the 11+ examination, as ever this process had its advantages as well as its disadvantages: Advantages the brightest 15% - 20% went to grammar schools meaning /Contents 296 0 R /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 0000004437 00000 n /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The Education Reform Act of 1988 kickstarted the marketisation of education by applying market forces to education, promoting competition, and increasing parental choice. /TT0 120 0 R /Font << >> /Parent 11 0 R endobj /Rotate 0 >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The Education Reform Act is then explored with reference to the revised correspondence principle. endobj The main impact of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 is in establishing a Supreme Court as the highest appeal court. >> /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 83 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Title (The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences ) /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> 63 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 11 0 R /StructParents 64 >> /Properties << People are denied an education because of where they live, who they are, and how much money they have. /TT1 231 0 R /Parent 9 0 R /MC0 129 0 R 49 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] It provided Three Core Subjects, Maths, English and Science, and Seven Foundation Subjects, Art, Music, Technology, History, Geography, A modern Foreign Language, and PE. When Gary Phillips started his career as a young teacher, the education world was a radically different place. /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page /Rotate 0 /Next 114 0 R >> endobj >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The students with disabilities, such as auditory processing . The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management In the last few decades, technology has exerted a profound influence on human resources management (HR). /Properties << The Bill was back on track but women teachers had to wait until 29 December 1975, when the Equal Pay Act 1970 came into force, to be paid the same as their male equivalents. Stephen Ball talks of the school/ parent alliance: Middle class parents want middle class schools and schools want middle class pupils. The New Right: Underlying Principles. >> /Resources << >> Extend Medicaid coverage to include all people . >> /MC0 129 0 R endobj /Contents 300 0 R >> /TT1 226 0 R /Outlines 3 0 R /Type /Page /Length 3936 Lowering taxation and reducing government spending. >> >> /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> << /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << >> >> >> /TT0 120 0 R >> endobj endobj 33 0 obj << /StructParents 53 >> >> endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Kids [102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R] From 1980 parents were allowed to express a preference for the school they wanted to send their children too, the first time parents were realistically able to consider sending their children to schools miles away from where they lived. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] *SJj4Tf /Parent 10 0 R Did the schools market deliver? From a Neoliberal and New Right perspective the above is fundamentally flawed logic as it means that successful schools which are attracting more pupils are subsidising worse performing schools and so the 1988 Act required that LEASs hand over their money directly to schools based on pupil numbers (formula funding) which removed the power of LEAs to control local budgets. Parent choice and competition had barely registered on the national consciousness. >> /StructParents 0 /Font << /Type /Page Education Reform Act (1988) Aims To raise standards To make schools more accountable To run schools on 'market principles' and improve efficiency/competition To give parents (consumers) greater choice Creating an education 'market' so that schools were competing against each other for 'customers' (pupils). /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> The introduction of free market principles into more areas of social life traditionally paid for by taxation (such as education and the health services). /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 30 /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /TT0 120 0 R The 1988 reform act led to league tables and the schools market plus back-door selection and even corruption, School market supporters argue the case for the defence. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 121 0 R /Title >> /Resources << /Type /Page /Properties << The complex interaction between choice, admissions practices, house price and performance measures has led to segregation typified by schools with radically different profiles from their local communities. /Font << /StructParents 77 endobj 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R /Parent 12 0 R 90 0 obj 0000010683 00000 n 170 0 R 171 0 R 172 0 R 173 0 R 174 0 R 175 0 R 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R schools increasingly teach to the test In order to look good in league tables which may stifle childrens ability to think critically and laterally. >> /Resources << >> /Kids [22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R] /MC0 129 0 R startxref /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT2 121 0 R >> endobj Those who passed the 11+ could go to grammar schools and the rest would settle on secondary moderns. /StructParents 4 The Education Reform Act- Competition and Control, London: Cassell Education limited. Avoidance of long commuting times to school. If the states in the U.S. are in charge of setting their own standards of education, then it creates a system where every territory, district, and legislature could set their own expectations for curriculum development. >> 116 0 obj >> >> /Parent 9 0 R 115 0 obj 11 0 obj /Resources << 30 0 obj /StructParents 50 Parent choice and competition had barely registered on the national consciousness. /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /Count 78 /Parent 17 0 R The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences Tuomo Ruotanen Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page /GS0 125 0 R An emphasis on individual freedom responsibility (they are against the welfare state). /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 17 /Title >> /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /ExtGState << endobj The best schools become oversubscribed often with four or more pupils competing for each place. /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Font << Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. >> Recently the Bright Tribe academy trust has been in the news over transactions with companies linked to the trusts founder. /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Properties << /Resources << 0000019248 00000 n >> /TT0 120 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Like Tony Blair 60 years later, the authors of the 1944 Act - this time definitely including Butler - took the view that religious education was a public good, whose responsibility should be shared between state-run and religious schools, and they legislated an unevenly balanced 'dual system' to accommodate it, apparently indefinitely. /Type /Pages /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R << /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 279 0 R /ExtGState << endobj >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Title endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The unease Phillips voices about the market reforms came through interviews with many of the key players in recent education reform. /Contents 286 0 R /Properties << Freedom of choice. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 62 0 obj /Type /Page A number of education policies and reforms, especially those brought in as part of the 1988 Educational Reform Act, looked to create a market in state education. /Properties << /Font << 52 0 obj >> /Font << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CreatorInfo << /Parent 2 0 R /Rotate 0 The 1988 Education Reform Act introduced a National Curriculum, which was a return to traditional subjects similar to the old Grammar school Model. /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << >> endobj /GS0 125 0 R >> GLOBAL INTEGRATION: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Globalization is the process by which different societies, cultures, and regional economies integrate through a worldwide network of political ideas through transportation, communication, and trade. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Subtype /XML >> /Parent 14 0 R /XObject << 51 0 obj endobj Children can choose schools according to their preferences. . /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /TT1 226 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] critical areas of reform which the policymakers may consider in crafting legislative interventions to broaden and reinforce further the gains of land reform in the country. /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << /TT2 159 0 R My own conclusions for what is needed now include reform of school admissions and a broader definition of what we mean by success, one that goes beyond simple test and exam results. >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> endobj >> /Parent 17 0 R /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R Education Reform Act (Pardini, 2005). /TT2 121 0 R /ExtGState << /Type /Page /Type /Page 22 0 obj >> Restructuring the Philippines's basic educational system through the K to 12 Program is a tough but . Some parts of the country, recently categorised in 12 new government-designated opportunity areas, appear stubbornly resistant to every policy initiative of the past 30 years. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << 21 0 obj The New Right introduced school league tables in which schools were ranked based on their exam performance in SATs, GCSES, and A levels. 50 0 obj << /TT2 121 0 R /ExtGState << In addition, locally determined >> /StructParents 60 /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R /Font << << 105 0 obj << 83 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 15 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Schools see middle class students as easy to teach and likely to perform well. >> 4 0 obj /Parent 13 0 R /TT1 121 0 R Also, faith schools were allowed to select on the basis of faith. >> >> endobj /StructParents 11 /StructParents 10 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 269 0 R . /Type /Page >> >> 7 0 obj >> >> /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Type /Page /ExtGState << /TT1 121 0 R /ExtGState << /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 endobj >> /Rotate 0 >> >> School vouchers give families a greater level of flexibility. /Annots [193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 241 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /TT1 121 0 R 99 0 obj >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /TT1 121 0 R /TT3 121 0 R /Resources << /Parent 13 0 R /TT2 226 0 R /Author (Tuomo Ruotanen) /Font << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << 41 0 obj As a result, the basic structure of our standing education system was instituted. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 2 0 R /Resources << minimal competition for funding the policy wont work unless parents a choice over which school to send their pupils to! /Contents 237 0 R >> >> /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R >> 38 0 obj The New Right believed that state schools should also be run like this except that it is the government that funds the schools, not the fee-paying parents. >> /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 13 0 R - Encourages schools to compete and raise standards, - The more pupils, the more funding given to the school (FORMULA FUNDING), - Inequality widens between better performing schools in middle class areas and working class areas. << /Contents 294 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Properties << endobj >> /PageElement << /Contents 235 0 R /Parent 2 0 R /Properties << endobj /StructParents 38 /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 97 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << QUALITY education is viewed as any country's pillar of success. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> /StructParents 67 /ExtGState << /SourceModified (D:20040616123949) /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Type /Page /Dest [24 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] /Properties << >> /StructParents 52 The 1988 Education act gave more power to parents to choose which school to send their children too and more power to heads of school to manage their own budget, and these two changes together meant that Local Education Authorities lost a lot of their control over how education was managed at the county level. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 13 0 R /Marked true /TT2 159 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> New education providers, in the form of academy trusts, are a reality in most communities. /Contents 253 0 R /TT1 226 0 R >> /ExtGState << Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? /ExtGState << >> /Properties << << /Type /Pages /GS0 125 0 R << The Best For My Child. /Properties << 0000001818 00000 n >> /MC0 129 0 R >> >> >> /Parent 17 0 R >> /Parent 9 0 R /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R Advantages. /Properties << /ExtGState << /StructParents 57 /Parent 13 0 R These semi-structured interviews were carried out by using open-ended questions and afterwards transcribed and analysed by using classifying and themes. /Prev 115 0 R /Parent 10 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The 1988 reforms played an unambiguous role in that improvement, says Phillips: They shone a spotlight on schools failing young people like this one..

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